Definition
Smooth Soul is a subgenre of soul music that emerged in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It is characterized by its relaxed tempo, lush instrumentation, and emotive vocal performances. The genre blends the rhythmic elements of soul with the polished production techniques of pop and soft rock, resulting in a sound that is both sophisticated and accessible. Smooth Soul often features string arrangements, smooth rhythms, and a strong focus on melody and harmony.
History, Evolution, Cultural Impact and Legacy
- Origins: The roots of Smooth Soul can be traced back to the earlier forms of soul music developed in the 1960s. Artists like Sam Cooke and Otis Redding laid the groundwork with their emotive singing and incorporation of gospel and rhythm and blues elements. However, as the 1960s progressed, a shift occurred with artists seeking to create a more polished sound that could appeal to a broader audience.
- Rise in Popularity: In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Smooth Soul began to take shape with artists like Marvin Gaye, Al Green, and Barry White. They brought a new level of sophistication to soul music, incorporating orchestral arrangements and smoother, more refined vocal styles. Marvin Gaye’s album “What’s Going On” (1971) is often cited as a pivotal moment in the evolution of Smooth Soul, with its seamless blend of social commentary, lush production, and soulful melodies. The genre’s popularity continued to grow throughout the 1970s, with artists like The O’Jays, The Spinners, and Teddy Pendergrass achieving significant success. These artists combined the emotive power of soul with polished production and arrangements, creating music that was both emotionally resonant and widely accessible.
- Commercial Peak and Evolution: Smooth Soul reached its commercial peak in the mid to late 1970s, as the genre dominated the charts with hits that appealed to both R&B and pop audiences. The sound became smoother and more produced, sometimes crossing into the territories of disco and quiet storm. During this time, the genre also saw the rise of female artists like Anita Baker, Sade, and Roberta Flack, who brought their unique interpretations to Smooth Soul, further diversifying the genre’s sound and appeal.
- Legacy and Influence: Smooth Soul’s influence extended beyond its peak years, contributing to the development of related genres like quiet storm, neo-soul, and contemporary R&B. The smooth, polished style of Smooth Soul has been echoed in the works of artists in the 1980s, 1990s, and beyond, including Luther Vandross, Whitney Houston, and Mariah Carey.
Key Characteristics
- Melodic Focus: Smooth Soul places a strong emphasis on melody, with catchy, singable tunes that resonate with listeners.
- Lush Instrumentation: The use of orchestral strings, smooth bass lines, and soft percussion is common, creating a rich and layered sound.
- Emotive Vocal Performance: Singers in this genre often deliver performances that are rich in emotion and expression, often showcasing their vocal range and control.
- Polished Production: The production in Smooth Soul is typically clean and refined, with a focus on creating a seamless and harmonious sound.
Notable Artists and Albums
- Marvin Gaye: “What’s Going On” (1971)
- Al Green: “Let’s Stay Together” (1972)
- Barry White: “Can’t Get Enough” (1974)
- Anita Baker: “Rapture” (1986)
- Sade: “Diamond Life” (1984)
Smooth Soul remains an enduring and beloved genre, appreciated for its sophistication, emotional depth, and musical craftsmanship. Its legacy continues to influence contemporary music, demonstrating the genre’s timeless appeal and enduring impact on the soul and R&B landscape.
